Candu reactor pdf download

The heat transport system hts circulates the coolant through the reactor to remove the heat of fission from the fuel. Pdf performance of pressure tubes in candu reactors. The first fullscale candu reactor entered service on september 26, 1968, at douglas point on the shore of lake huron in ontario. The lifetime capacity factor cf is the total gross generation tgg figure divided by the capacity cf divided by the total number of hours hrs from the time of first synchronization to that time, multiplied by 100. It enables those new to candu to learn about candu as an overall system and to pursue specialized topics in depth. In the heavy water systems of the candu reactor, the proper equations describing the dissociation of heavy water. The water moderator also functions as the primary coolant in light water reactors. Risks of the candu reactor design introduction the candu canada deuterium uranium reactor is a pressurized heavy water reactor of canadian design. Each end shield comprises an inner and an outer tubesheet joined by lattice tubes at. The four candu 6 units have each achieved high reliability figures, even after years of operation. The four passages in a candu 6 consist of 95 fuel channels, inletoutlet feeder pipes, an inletoutlet header, a pump, and a steam generator. The candu program and aecl by ben rouben, aecl, slides pdf 2. A pressurised heavy water reactor is a nuclear power reactor that uses unenriched natural uranium as nuclear fuel and heavy. Ppt candu powerpoint presentation free to download.

Chemistry in candu process systems september 2014 neutral point of water is lowered as temperature is increased, as illustrated by simple calculation the ph of neutral water at 250oc is 5. In this concept, the proportion of u235 is increased from its natural concentration of. Chapter 1 introduction to nuclear reactors pdf 700kb by dr. Candu 6 plant reactor containment building turbine building reactor 15. Atomic energy of canada limited aecl developed the candu reactor technology starting in the 1950s. Characteristics of radioactive aerosols generated from a. Advanced technologies for candu reactors nuclear engineering and design 144 1993 269281 northholland 269 advanced technologies for c a n d u reactors r. Click on the title of each part below to view or download it. The candu reactor uses either light or heavy water for its coolant. The development of the first candu reactor began in 1954 through a partnership between atomic energy of canada ltd. In a candu reactor, the fuel exploitation can be extended until reaching an infinite lattice reactivity down to around k.

This reflector also has an important effect on reactor dynamics because of its very long diffusion length. Candu stands for canada deuterium uranium, which reflects the key role of deuterium, or heavy water, which acts as the reactors neutron moderator, a unique trait of the candu. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. Primary side cleaning of boilers has been performed about a dozen times in candu reactors over the last two decades with uneven results. The pressurized heavy water phw cooled version was the first type to be developed and is by far the most widely used. Candu, short for canada deuterium uranium, is a nuclear reactor that uses heavy water as a moderator and coolant and natural uranium as a fuel source. The results show that using our optimization method one.

Based on over 60 years of proven operational excellence of the candu reactor fleet and experience. Consequences of a single feeder break accident in candu power reactors. Gentilly1 was a prototype candu bwr reactor with features intended to reduce its cost and complexity. In december 2016, cog held a workshop to kick off the planning for a joint project jp 4556 boiler psc on primary side cleaning psc, which includes an effectiveness study to be completed in 201718. Issued by a government body, the standards council of canada. The paper investigates incineration of nuclear waste and the prospects of exploitation of rich world thorium reserves in candu reactors. Candu reactors were first developed in the late 1950s and 1960s by a partnership between atomic energy of canada limited aecl.

Figure 11 illustrates how candu reactors produce electricity. Advanced technologies for candu reactors pdf free download. Candu fundamentals i table of contents 1 objectives 1 1. Recently invap added the capability to analyze candu reactors imbedded in the whole invap calculation methodology. Well worth the rather large download sorry about that but it is the best we candu. The advanced fuel candu reactor afcr is a generation iii advanced fuelefficient 740 mweclass pressurized heavy water reactor developed by candu energy, a member of the snclavalin group and china national nuclear corporation.

A free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id. Regulatory policies, standards, guides developed and applied by canadian nuclear safety commission formerly aecb canadian codes and standards. Heavy water reactors, hwr candu d 2 o is less effective as a moderator but has much lower neutron cross section. Candu reactor is a type of nuclear reactor which was developed in. The acronym refers to its deuterium oxide heavy water moderator and its use of originally, natural uranium fuel. Pg 2 codes and standards requirements for candu design. Pdf cellcode benchmark calculations have been performed for the standard candu and dupic candu fuel lattices compared with the mcnp4b code. Pdf benchmark calculations for standard and dupic candu. The first reactor in such a sequence consists of a candu phw operating on a low enriched uranium leu cycle 10. All canadian nuclear reactors are of the candu type but the. The core pressure drop characteristics in a candu 6 reactor. Week 2 dynamic characteristics of candu reactors 510 h. The candu fuel contains pellets of uranium dioxide with natural uranium 0.

The production of prompt and delayed neutrons through fission. Coolant circulates through a nuclear reactor core to transfer the heat away from it and prevent a meltdown that would halt energy production. Candu is a pressurized heavy water reactor phwr that uses heavy water deuterium oxide d2o as a moderator and coolant, and natural uranium as its fuel. In the present work, the criticality calculations have been performed with 3. Grohnde, a 60 mwe german reactor which first billion kwh of electricity, more than any other reactor. The mean flight path length of a neutron between collisions the. Licensing framework of candu reactors in canada, and alternatives for crediting eme in safety analysis. Written by canadian standards association csa local codes and standards, as agreed by. Investigation of candu reactors as a thorium burner. It is a type of nuclear reactor that uses natural uranium as fuel,pressurised heavy water as coolant,unpressurised heavy water as moderator and uses pressurized tubes to contain the fuel and circulating coolant. The candu allows more local input in nations that do not have the capability to cast a pressure vessel. The candu 6 design as implemented at sites in canada has been chosen as the reference because it is the most widely deployed candu design worldwide. At start up, the criticality will be made possible mainly by the. Utilization of nuclear waste plutonium and thorium mixed.

The candu reactor was designed by atomic energy canada limited as an alternative to other reactor designs which use slightly enriched uranium 25% u235. Pdf licensing framework of candu reactors in canada, and. The candu, for canada deuterium uranium, is a canadiandeveloped, pressurized heavy water reactor used to generate electric power. Schematic diagram of the pressurised heavy water cooled version of a candu canada deuteriumuranium nuclear reactor. Candu reactor is a type of nuclear reactor which was developed in canada, and is currently used in nuclear power plants for electrical generation in various countries around the world. Figure 7 diagrammatic cross section of a typical phwr candu. The course provides an introduction to the basic design, technology, and operation of nuclear reactors. The candu canada deuterium uranium is a canadian pressurized heavywater reactor design used to generate electric power. Response of the critical reactor to a reactivity change 7. Section 9 identifies and presents the specific features of candu reactors as they relate to kinetics and dynamics. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page.

Weaker absorption of neutrons allows the use of natural uranium 0. At the first step, the tho 2 puo 2 composition has been varied with 2%, 4%, 6% and 10% puo 2. D geometrical modeling of a candu reactor, where the structure of all fuel rods and bundles is represented individually. Consequences of a single feeder break accident in candu. Journal of king saud university engineering sciences.

This cns course will present an extensive overview of the important disciplines in candu reactor technology and safety. Reactor assembly the candu 6 reactor assembly, shown in the figure opposite, includes the fuel channels contained in and supported by a horizontal cylindrical tank known as the calandria. Four passages are called pass 23, 41, 67, and 85, which are named by the number of the inletoutlet header in a reactor. From candu, it takes the heavy water moderator, which gives the design an. It will also present the major systems in a nuclear plant, as well as the important candu reactor safety principles and. It combines features of the existing candu pressurised heavy water reactors phwr with features of lightwater cooled pressurized water reactors pwr. Reactor physics this document is too big for a single download and was divided into parts. Candu canada deutrium uranium it is a canadianinvented,heavy water reactor. Two years later a reactor of comparable power but of a different design became operational along the saint lawrence river in quebec. The calandria is closed and supported by end shields at each end. The candu canada deuterium uranium is a canadian pressurized heavy water reactor. Rouben mcmaster university nuclear reactor analysis ep 4d036d03 2012 janapr 2012 september outline a quick look at the.