Advanced technologies for candu reactors pdf free download. In a candu reactor, the fuel exploitation can be extended until reaching an infinite lattice reactivity down to around k. Characteristics of radioactive aerosols generated from a. In this concept, the proportion of u235 is increased from its natural concentration of. The candu program and aecl by ben rouben, aecl, slides pdf 2. The candu reactor uses either light or heavy water for its coolant. Candu, short for canada deuterium uranium, is a nuclear reactor that uses heavy water as a moderator and coolant and natural uranium as a fuel source. D geometrical modeling of a candu reactor, where the structure of all fuel rods and bundles is represented individually.
Coolant circulates through a nuclear reactor core to transfer the heat away from it and prevent a meltdown that would halt energy production. The core pressure drop characteristics in a candu 6 reactor. Rouben mcmaster university nuclear reactor analysis ep 4d036d03 2012 janapr 2012 september outline a quick look at the. Candu stands for canada deuterium uranium, which reflects the key role of deuterium, or heavy water, which acts as the reactors neutron moderator, a unique trait of the candu. In december 2016, cog held a workshop to kick off the planning for a joint project jp 4556 boiler psc on primary side cleaning psc, which includes an effectiveness study to be completed in 201718. Figure 11 illustrates how candu reactors produce electricity. The advanced fuel candu reactor afcr is a generation iii advanced fuelefficient 740 mweclass pressurized heavy water reactor developed by candu energy, a member of the snclavalin group and china national nuclear corporation.
At the first step, the tho 2 puo 2 composition has been varied with 2%, 4%, 6% and 10% puo 2. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. The mean flight path length of a neutron between collisions the. Consequences of a single feeder break accident in candu power reactors. Candu 6 plant reactor containment building turbine building reactor 15. Based on over 60 years of proven operational excellence of the candu reactor fleet and experience. Figure 7 diagrammatic cross section of a typical phwr candu. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. It is a type of nuclear reactor that uses natural uranium as fuel,pressurised heavy water as coolant,unpressurised heavy water as moderator and uses pressurized tubes to contain the fuel and circulating coolant.
Reactor assembly the candu 6 reactor assembly, shown in the figure opposite, includes the fuel channels contained in and supported by a horizontal cylindrical tank known as the calandria. The calandria is closed and supported by end shields at each end. It combines features of the existing candu pressurised heavy water reactors phwr with features of lightwater cooled pressurized water reactors pwr. Regulatory policies, standards, guides developed and applied by canadian nuclear safety commission formerly aecb canadian codes and standards. Primary side cleaning of boilers has been performed about a dozen times in candu reactors over the last two decades with uneven results.
The first fullscale candu reactor entered service on september 26, 1968, at douglas point on the shore of lake huron in ontario. The four passages in a candu 6 consist of 95 fuel channels, inletoutlet feeder pipes, an inletoutlet header, a pump, and a steam generator. The candu canada deuterium uranium is a canadian pressurized heavy water reactor. Pdf licensing framework of candu reactors in canada, and.
Candu fundamentals i table of contents 1 objectives 1 1. Week 2 dynamic characteristics of candu reactors 510 h. Two years later a reactor of comparable power but of a different design became operational along the saint lawrence river in quebec. Chapter 1 introduction to nuclear reactors pdf 700kb by dr.
Candu is a pressurized heavy water reactor phwr that uses heavy water deuterium oxide d2o as a moderator and coolant, and natural uranium as its fuel. The candu 6 design as implemented at sites in canada has been chosen as the reference because it is the most widely deployed candu design worldwide. Utilization of nuclear waste plutonium and thorium mixed. Gentilly1 was a prototype candu bwr reactor with features intended to reduce its cost and complexity. The water moderator also functions as the primary coolant in light water reactors. Each end shield comprises an inner and an outer tubesheet joined by lattice tubes at. Candu canada deutrium uranium it is a canadianinvented,heavy water reactor. The candu fuel contains pellets of uranium dioxide with natural uranium 0. The first reactor in such a sequence consists of a candu phw operating on a low enriched uranium leu cycle 10. Chemistry in candu process systems september 2014 neutral point of water is lowered as temperature is increased, as illustrated by simple calculation the ph of neutral water at 250oc is 5. The candu reactor was designed by atomic energy canada limited as an alternative to other reactor designs which use slightly enriched uranium 25% u235.
Heavy water reactors, hwr candu d 2 o is less effective as a moderator but has much lower neutron cross section. Recently invap added the capability to analyze candu reactors imbedded in the whole invap calculation methodology. Grohnde, a 60 mwe german reactor which first billion kwh of electricity, more than any other reactor. Pdf performance of pressure tubes in candu reactors. Advanced technologies for candu reactors nuclear engineering and design 144 1993 269281 northholland 269 advanced technologies for c a n d u reactors r. The development of the first candu reactor began in 1954 through a partnership between atomic energy of canada ltd. This cns course will present an extensive overview of the important disciplines in candu reactor technology and safety. In the heavy water systems of the candu reactor, the proper equations describing the dissociation of heavy water. Risks of the candu reactor design introduction the candu canada deuterium uranium reactor is a pressurized heavy water reactor of canadian design. The heat transport system hts circulates the coolant through the reactor to remove the heat of fission from the fuel. Section 9 identifies and presents the specific features of candu reactors as they relate to kinetics and dynamics. From candu, it takes the heavy water moderator, which gives the design an.
The candu, for canada deuterium uranium, is a canadiandeveloped, pressurized heavy water reactor used to generate electric power. Candu reactor is a type of nuclear reactor which was developed in. Issued by a government body, the standards council of canada. A pressurised heavy water reactor is a nuclear power reactor that uses unenriched natural uranium as nuclear fuel and heavy. The results show that using our optimization method one. A free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id. The pressurized heavy water phw cooled version was the first type to be developed and is by far the most widely used. Pg 2 codes and standards requirements for candu design. The production of prompt and delayed neutrons through fission. The candu allows more local input in nations that do not have the capability to cast a pressure vessel.
The paper investigates incineration of nuclear waste and the prospects of exploitation of rich world thorium reserves in candu reactors. In the present work, the criticality calculations have been performed with 3. Atomic energy of canada limited aecl developed the candu reactor technology starting in the 1950s. At start up, the criticality will be made possible mainly by the. Schematic diagram of the pressurised heavy water cooled version of a candu canada deuteriumuranium nuclear reactor. This reflector also has an important effect on reactor dynamics because of its very long diffusion length. Ppt candu powerpoint presentation free to download. Journal of king saud university engineering sciences. Click on the title of each part below to view or download it.
It will also present the major systems in a nuclear plant, as well as the important candu reactor safety principles and. Pdf cellcode benchmark calculations have been performed for the standard candu and dupic candu fuel lattices compared with the mcnp4b code. It enables those new to candu to learn about candu as an overall system and to pursue specialized topics in depth. Four passages are called pass 23, 41, 67, and 85, which are named by the number of the inletoutlet header in a reactor. Licensing framework of candu reactors in canada, and alternatives for crediting eme in safety analysis.
Candu reactor is a type of nuclear reactor which was developed in canada, and is currently used in nuclear power plants for electrical generation in various countries around the world. Candu reactors were first developed in the late 1950s and 1960s by a partnership between atomic energy of canada limited aecl. Weaker absorption of neutrons allows the use of natural uranium 0. Well worth the rather large download sorry about that but it is the best we candu. Consequences of a single feeder break accident in candu. The four candu 6 units have each achieved high reliability figures, even after years of operation. Response of the critical reactor to a reactivity change 7. The acronym refers to its deuterium oxide heavy water moderator and its use of originally, natural uranium fuel. All canadian nuclear reactors are of the candu type but the. The lifetime capacity factor cf is the total gross generation tgg figure divided by the capacity cf divided by the total number of hours hrs from the time of first synchronization to that time, multiplied by 100. Pdf benchmark calculations for standard and dupic candu. Reactor physics this document is too big for a single download and was divided into parts.
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